One thing I think important to consider: it may be best to avoid if possible, many commonly given OTC drugs. These are drugs that have evidence of causing ITP (usually referred to as thrombocytopenia)--certainly not in every one who takes them. But, those who are already struggling with low platelets may be more sensitive to these effects, so might choose to avoid them. In my experience, it's never a good idea to suppress the bodies natural tendency to heal itself (as in suppressing a fever, eruption or discharge). This may account for the differences of some seeing a rise in platelet counts, after an illness, while others see a drop.
April
Here is just a partial list of drugs that are known to cause thrombocytopenia in some:
Drugs Known to Cause Thrombocytopenia Aspirin and non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medications, such as
aspirin, Ibuprofen, Motrin, Advil, naproxen, naprosyn, and Aleve are medications that may interfere with platelet function and may cause bleeding.
Reference:
www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site1138/mainpageS1138P0.html Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) side effects for the
Hematologic System: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.
Reference:
www.drugs.com/sfx/diphenhydramine-side-effects.html (Scroll down to Diphenhydramine Side Effects for the Professional)
Tylenol (acetaminophen)--Acute thrombocytopenia caused by sensitivity to the glucuronide conjugate of acetaminophen—a good article to read.
Reference:
bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/109/8/3608 Coricidin D (acetaminophen/chlorpheniramine/phenylpropanolamine is a combination pain reliever/fever reducer/antihistamine and decongestant,
used to treat nasal congestion; itchy, watery eyes; itchy throat; sneezing; headache; fever; and other symptoms associated with allergies, hay fever, and the common cold.)
Hematologic side effects of chlorpheniramine have included bone marrow suppression, thrombocytopenia, and aplastic anemia.
Reference:
www.drugs.com/sfx/coricidin-side-effects.html Coricidin D HBP (same as above but with an added High Blood Pressure medicine)
Parents—be aware! It has become one of the most abused OTC drugs for teens in the 13-19 age range, as they can easily buy them at the drugstore, or find them in their parent’s medicine cabinet. It is an inexpensive and legal drug, easily available, so one of the fastest growing drug problems. Kids are taking 10-15 of them at a time, some have died from them, but they can cause many side effects, including liver damage and thrombocytopenia. Abusers report a heightened sense of perceptual awareness, altered time perception and visual hallucinations, much like LSD.
Street names are “Skittles” (they resemble the red Skittles candy),” Red Dragons”, “Red Devils”, “Red D’s”, “C’s”, “Cory (Cori)”, “CCC” and “TripleC”.
Robitussin Night Time Cough and Cold (a cough suppressant, expectorant and decongestant, used to teat stuffy nose, sinus congestion, cough, and chest congestion caused by the common cold or flu.)
Hematologic side effects have included hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia.
Reference:
www.drugs.com/sfx/robitussin-night-time-cough-cold-side-effects.html Ciprofloxicin or Cipro (commonly used to treat UTIs)
Ciprofloxacin: Fatal thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia: case report
A 30-year-old man died after developing thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia while receiving ciprofloxacin for a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI).
www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1596663891.html We report the case of a 72-year-old woman who was receiving intravenous ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection and developed thrombocytopenia during her hospital stay. Her platelet count dropped from 147 x 10(3)/mm3 on admission to as low as 21 x 10(3)/mm3 . On discontinuation of the drug, her platelet counts began to return to normal
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16006282 Flagyl or metronidazole (An antibiotic effective against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites, such as Giardia lamblia and ameba and Trichomonas, a vaginal parasite, Used to treat bacterial infections of the vagina, stomach, skin, joints, and respiratory tract.
Hematologic side effects have included reversible neutropenia (leukopenia) and reversible thrombocytopenia (rare).
Reference:
www.drugs.com/sfx/flagyl-side-effects.html Sulfonamide antibiotics ◦
carbamazepine [(Tegretol, Tegretol XR , Equetro, Carbatrol—used to treat epilepsy, as an anti-seizure drug, for nerve pain and bipolar],
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digoxin (Lanoxin-- used to treat congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation)
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quinine (Quinerva, Quinite, QM-260—used to treat or prevent malaria)
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quinidine (Quinaglute, Quinidex—used to treat irregular heartbeat patterns)
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acetaminophen (Tylenol-- a pain reliever and a fever reducer)
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Rifampin. (Used to treat tuberculosis and certain kinds of bacterial infections)
Reference:
www.medicinenet.com/thrombocytopenia_low_platelet_count/page2.htm Sulfonamide antibiotics "Sulfa allergy" is a term used to describe adverse drug reactions to sulfonamides, a group of drugs that includes those with and without antibiotic characteristics. Antibiotic sulfonamides were the first antibiotics used to treat infections, although today are used much less frequently given their common side effects. Common sulfa antibiotics include
Septra®, Bactrim® and Pediazole®.
The antibiotic sulfonamides are different structurally from the non-antibiotic sulfonamides, and appear to be much more likely to result in allergic reactions
Blood reactions. Sulfa allergy can also affect various blood cells, resulting in decreased white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, through an immunologic-mediated manner.
Reference:
allergies.about.com/od/medicationallergies/a/sulfa.htm Valtrex (used to treat conditions related to the herpes virus, including shingles, cold sores, chickenpox, and genital herpes.)
A serious condition called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS) has occurred in certain people taking Valtrex. TTP/HUS is a condition involving very low red blood cell and platelet counts. In TTP/HUS, the body forms many small blood clots. This dangerous condition has occurred in people with HIV and people who have had a stem cell transplant or kidney transplant. These people were taking unusually high doses of Valtrex (8 grams per day). Talk to your healthcare provider right away if you have signs of TTP/HUS, including unusual bruising and bleeding or unexplained fever.
Reference:
herpes.emedtv.com/valtrex/valtrex-precautions-and-warnings.html TTP/HUS, including some fatalities, has been reported during clinical trials in patients with advanced HIV disease and in allogeneic bone marrow transplant and renal transplant recipients, who were receiving 8 g valacyclovir per day.
Hematologic side effects have included thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), and decreased neutrophil counts (18%), platelet counts (up to 3%), hemoglobin (up to 0.8%), and white blood cells (up to 1.3%). Thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and TTP/HUS have been reported during postmarketing experience.
Reference:
www.drugs.com/sfx/valtrex-side-effects.html Prozac or fluoxetine (Used for depression)
Hematologic side effects include case reports which have suggested that fluoxetine may interfere with platelet function. Petechiae, increased bleeding times, epistaxis, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage have been reported rarely in association with fluoxetine therapy.
Reference:
www.drugs.com/sfx/prozac-side-effects.html Hematologic Side Effects of Psychotropics Skop and Brown described 15 cases of SSRI-related bleeding in association with fluoxetine (ProzacTM), fluvoxamine (LuvoxTM), and paroxetine (PaxilTM) administration. Symptoms included ecchymosis (bruising), menorrhagia (abnormally heavy and prolonged menses), petechiae, bleeding internal hemorrhoids, epistaxis (nosebleed), ulceration with hemorrhage, and melena (black, tarry stools). Prozac was the most common offending agent. In another study, it was demonstrated that Prozac prevents serotonin-induced amplification of platelet aggregation. Prozac administered for 12 weeks at 100–150 mg/d reduced platelet serotonin to 11% of pretreatment concentrations. Patients with thrombocytopenia, suspected platelet dysfunction, or a history of unexplained bruising or bleeding should be monitored carefully when placed on Prozac or the other SSRIs.
Reference:
psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/40/5/414 Wellbutrin (used to treat major depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder.)
It may cause low platelet count (may cause bleeding problems) (rare).
This drug may also cause the following symptoms that are related to low platelet count:
* Abnormal menstrual bleeding (in females) Abnormal menstrual bleeding
* Vaginal bleeding Vaginal bleeding
* Abdominal bleeding Abdominal bleeding (rare)
* Bleeding gums Bleeding gums (rare)
* Bruising Bruising (rare)
* Low counts of all blood cells including red and white blood cells, and platelets Low counts of all blood cells including red and white blood cells, and platelets (rare)
* Nosebleeds Nosebleeds (rare)
Hematologic side effects of Wellbutrin have rarely included ecchymosis, anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and eosinophilia.
Reference:http://doublecheckmd.com/EffectsDetail.do?dname=Wellbutrin&sid=4319&eid=2241
Effexor or venlafaxine (used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety, and panic disorder.)
Hemic and lymphatic system—Frequent: ecchymosis; Infrequent: anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, thrombocythemia, thrombocytopenia; Rare: basophilia, bleeding time increased, cyanosis, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, multiple myeloma, purpura.
Reference:
www.drugs.com/sfx/venlafaxine-side-effects.html Drug-induced thrombocytopenia occurs typically by causing an immune reaction in which drug bound to the platelet creates a new and “foreign” antigen. This disorder is indistinguishable from ITP except for the history of drug ingestion. When the drug is stopped, the platelet count typically begins to increase within 1 to 2 days and recovers to normal within 7 days. (A table of drugs reported to cause thrombocytopenia, together with analysis of the evidence for a causal relation of the drug to thrombocytopenia, is available at Platelets on the Web.)
Up to 5% of patients receiving unfractionated Heparin develop thrombocytopenia, which may occur even with very-low-dose Heparin (eg, used in flushes to keep IV or arterial lines open). The mechanism is usually immunologic. Bleeding can occur, but more commonly, platelets clump excessively, causing vessel obstruction, leading to paradoxical arterial and venous thromboses, which may be life threatening (eg, thromboembolic occlusion of limb arteries, strokes, acute MI). Heparin should be stopped in any patient who becomes thrombocytopenic or whose platelet count decreases by more than 50%. Because 5 days of heparin is sufficient to treat venous thrombosis and because most patients begin oral anticoagulants simultaneously with heparin, it is usually safe. Low mol wt heparin
(LMWH) may be less immunogenic than unfractionated heparin
Reference:
www.merck.com/mmpe/sec11/ch133/ch133f.html